Prototype of 3D Cadaster Polygonal Model

Prototype of 3D Cadaster Polygonal Model Abhijit GujarTable of circumscribe1.Introduction1.1.Background and Justification1.2.lit review1.2.1.Review on concept though and ideas1.2.2.Review on approaches1.3.Research problem1.4.Research objective1.4.1.General objective1.4.2. detail objective1.5.Research questions1.6.Research limitations2.Research figure and methods2.1.Study argona2.2. information2.3.Softw ar and hardware requirement2.4.Research design matrix3.Framework3.1.Research framework3.2. thesis framework3.3. prune plan framework4.Reference1. Introduction1.1. Background and JustificationUrbanization is an inevitable part of the economic development process for any(prenominal) country and is considered a global phenomenon (Rigg et al., 2009) . However, it is only in recent years that the rate of urbanization has begun to accelerate. More than half of the world population is dwelling in urban area. Urbanization is one of the inevitable phenomenon right now, as the result of this there is need and growth of high rise buildings which are having many types of wasting diseases and overbold types of shared ownership and also underground infrastructure such as sewage, train tunnels (subway), electrical and communication network is becoming dense and complex more than over multi-use of land parcel creates new problems and challenges. (Jazayeri, Rajabifard, Kalantari, 2014)Traditionally the land parcel information which includes geometric, visual and legal information is managed in 2D. It is difficult in 2D map to make simple operation such as volume of space, jackpotnot perform various spatial analysis that is necessary in various separate field of urban planning as the information is in 2D. 3D visualization for dissemination is very difficult apply just the 2D info in cadastre system (Mohamed Anders, 2012). This is where the 3D cadaster comes into light.endiOne of the biggest hurdle in developing the 3D cadaster is the creating the 3D building geomet ry representation that are suitable for 3D cadaster. Although there are CAD illustration available that represent the 3D blue print of the building, the real on ground military position can be different then what is on the CAD seat so it is necessary to calculate the 3D measurements of actual built building. I extremity to seek how we can create a 3D theoretical account that is suitable for 3D cadaster, one of the possible methods can be utilize laser scan info. Laser scanning data has very high true statement which is suitable for land administration needs. AHN -2 (Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland) is the project in Netherlands that aims to collect high re upshot laser data of entire country ( van der Sande, Soudarissanane, Khoshelham, 2010).Although AHN-2 data is accurate the forecast density is not enough to be able to change it into a polygonal geometry form as the AHN-2 is taken from high altitude it covers the roof of buildings adequately but the facades of the bui lding world(a)ly have less point density which results in anomalies. The proposed solution to take multiple images of the building from all the sides (facades) to construct a point cloud of that building, the minimum number of images required allow be analyzed victimisation techniques discussed in (Alsadik, B., Gerke, M., Vosselman, G., Daham, A., Jasim, L. ,2014), then register this point cloud with the AHN-2 point cloud then this point cloud is used to generate 3D model1.2. Literature reviewThis section talks about the concepts, ideas that are discussed throughout this proposal.Cadaster Urbanization is a process by which town cities are slowly alter from rural form to urban form3D cadaster Cadaster registers real status of real estate objects until now the spatial information use to register the legal status of land in two dimensional systems that is a parcel is defined by 2D juridical boundaries. 3D cadasterWhat is a 3D ModelA 3D Model is a mathematical representation of an y three-dimensional object (real or imagined) in a 3D software environment. Unlike a 2D image, 3D models can be viewed in specialized software suites from any angle, and can be scaled, rotated, or freely modified. The process of creating and shaping a 3D model is known as 3d modelingLaser scanning Laser scanning is technique of controlled deflection of laser beam visible or invisible to capture the information of target in 3D from airborne or terrestrial platform. airborne laser scanning is carried out from aircraft while terrestrial laser scanning can be done from a stationary or moving platform. story cloud point cloud is a set of 3D points in the same coordinate system. Often intended to represent a external rebel of an object. Point cloud file is just the set of numbers representing X, Y, Z in coordinate system.Point cloud alteration Point cloud registration is a process of merging 2 separate point cloud having different origin and into one .Stratified sampling method Stratifi ed is fortune sampling technique in which the researcher divides the entire population into different groups and then sample is collected from equally from each group. So that the selected sample can represent the population well.1.3. Problem statementIn past recent years there has been a lot of development in 3D. Netherlands is actively promoting for amour of over 65 private, public and scientific organizations to promote the use of 3D information covering issues such as acquisition, standardization, storage and use (Elberink, Stoter, Ledoux, Commandeur, 2013). Although there are many paper that suggest different methods to extract building from point cloud I want to look into alternative way of designing a 3D model of building by combining two point cloud from different sources.1.4. Motivation1.5. Research objectiveResearch objectives are split into general objective and specific objective. General objective is overall goal of research and specific objective are the objectives that are needed to complete general objective.1.5.1. General objectiveTo develop and test a prototype of 3D cadaster Polygonal model of building by combing the AHN-2 data with point cloud created by multiple high quality images of the building from all the facades.1.5.2. Specific objectiveTo formalize a benchmark for constructing a prototype 3D modelof buildingsatisfying the requirement for 3D cadaster.To create a prototype 3D model of a building using the benchmark.To evaluate applicability of developed 3D model run agroundd on developed benchmark.1.6. Research questionsSpecific objective 1 To formalize a benchmark for constructing a prototype 3D model of building satisfying the requirement for 3D cadaster.What are important feature, constrain and requirement to construct a 3D model of a building for 3D cadaster?What are the criteria of sampling buildings (e.g height, type, length, width, building complexity of structure)Specific objective 2 To create a prototype 3D model of a b uilding using thebenchmark.Which image processing techniques are better for 3D cadaster?Which is appropriate 3D model for 3D cadaster? And why? (wireframe , surface or solid)Specific objective 3 To evaluate applicability of developed 3D model based ondeveloped benchmark.What is the strength and weakness of derived 3D model? What are the reasons of strength and weakness?How can we access the accuracy (X,Y) of the 3D model using the existing 2D cadastral database?How can we access the accuracy (Z) of the 3D model using the CAD model?What are the possible recommendations to improve developed method?1.7. Research limitationsThe current research limits extracting the model of building from the exterior of the building and does not covers the interior design and structure of the building.2. Research design and methodsIn this section briefly describes the how the research will attempt to accomplish the formulated research questions. It includes the comment of paper area, people, data re quirement, software to be used, proposed workflow/methodology.2.1. Study areaStudy area for this project is Enschede. Results from the specific objective one will be used to select sample building of different type, height, volume so that it can represent the building population well.2.2. DataData descriptionData useData sourceAirborne laser data for study areaTo create modelPDOKImages of building taken from all the sidesFor Image base modelingfield workCAD model of the buildingTo assess accuracy (z) of developed modelCadaster, Netherlands.2D Cadastral data of the selected buildingsTo assess accuracy (x,y) of developed modelCadaster, Netherlands.2.3. Software and hardware requirementSoftware / HardwareUse/ applicationPCMPoint cloud segmentation, manipulation and visual interpretationImageModelerTo convert point cloud to 3D modelMatlabCoordinate system transformation3DF SamanthaAutoCADCAD model analysisEndnoteReference managementMicrosoft WordThesis breedingProfessional cameraTo cap ture building images2.4. Research design matrixResearch Sub-ObjectiveResearch QuestionResearch MethodRequired input dataAnticipated OutputTo determine important factors for constructing 3D model ofbuilding satisfying the requirement for 3D cadaster.What are important feature, constrain and requirement to construct a 3D model of a building for 3D cadaster?Literature review, practiced consultation,Case study, introductory research papers,Case study, Literature, research paper, sample data from cadaster.List of important characteristics/functions/ features.In order to select the buildings for modeling, what are the parameters of sampling (selection)?Stratified sampling methodBuilding type databaseSelection of types of building to study for modelingTo create a prototype 3D model of a building.How can we create a point cloud from the images of building?Literature review,expert consultation, Case study, previous research papersHigh quality images of the building from all facades.Point cl oud dataHow can we filter unwanted data (noise) from both of the point cloud?Literature review,expert consultation, Case study, previous research papersTwo point cloud from previous objectivestochasticity free point cloudHow can we create a 3D model of building from point cloud?Literature review,expert consultation, Case study, previous research papersNoise free point cloud3D model of a buildingTo evaluate applicability of developed 3D model in context of 3D cadaster standards derived from objective one.What is the strength and weakness of derived 3D model? What are the reasons of strength and weakness?Comparison with the result derived from for the first time objective. Visual and statistical analysis.Output from the first objective. Output from second objective.A summarizing list of strength and weakness of the derived output, discussion, conclusion and recommendation.How can we access the accuracy (X,Y) of the 3D model using the existing 2D Kadastral database?Output from second objective. Database for that specific building from KadasterTable of accuracy analysis.How can we access the accuracy (Z) of the 3D model using the CAD model?Output from second objective. CAD model of same building3. FrameworkFramework is structure to organize concepts or locomote of the research process for better communication with intended readers.3.1. Research frameworkResearch framework will depict the overall structure and sequence of the study activities, task within each activity are of equal importance and cannot be skipped.Figure 2 Research Framework3.2. Thesis frameworkThesis framework describes and introduces the chapters that will be included in the main thesis.Chapter 1 IntroductionChapter one offers the justification background of research it also discusses the research problem, research objective, research questions, any previous work done related to this researchChapter 2 Literature Review and conceptsChapter two will go more mystic into the concepts and the term s their meaning.Various terminology used in research.Chapter 3 3D CadasterIn this chapter we will talk about what is 3D cadaster? Why it is useable? Which countries are implementing/ implemented 3D cadaster? How these countries have implemented it?Chapter 6 Field workThis chapter discuses about the pre field work and field work .Chapter 5 Source of 3D dataIn this chapter we will discuss about the various sources of the 3d data that are available in Netherlands. We will par the advantages and disadvantages of each one.Chapter 6 Technique of modelingIn this chapter we will discuss about the various methods, procedure, softwares, algorithms related to 3D modeling.Chapter 7 Accuracy sound judgementIn this chapter we will discuss technique and method of analysis and comparison of the derived model with the benchmark that we obtained from the first objective of research.Chapter 8 PrototypeIn this chapter we will display the obtained results and then will discuss the finding of the prot otype.Chapter 9 Conclusion and RecommendationThis chapter consists of the conclusion derived from the results and recommendation for further improvement.3.3. Work plan frameworkWork plan framework depicts the activity and time allocated for each activity.Table 1 Work Plan4. ReferenceElberink, S. O., Stoter, J., Ledoux, H., Commandeur, T. (2013). Generation and Dissemination of a National practical(prenominal) 3D City and worldscape Model for the Netherlands. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 79(2), 147-158.Jazayeri, I., Rajabifard, A., Kalantari, M. (2014). A geometric and semantic evaluation of 3D data sourcing methods for land and property information. Land Use Policy, 36(0), 219-230. doi http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.08.004Mohamed, E.-M., Anders, . (2012). Feasibility of Building Information Models for 3D Cadastre in Unified City Models. International Journal of E-Planning Research (IJEPR), 1(4), 35-58. doi 10.4018/ijepr.2012100103van der Sande, C. , Soudarissanane, S., Khoshelham, K. (2010). Assessment of Relative Accuracy of AHN-2 Laser Scanning Data Using Planar Features. Sensors, 10(9), 8198-8214. doi 10.3390/s100908198Rigg, J., Bebbington, A., Gough, K. V, Bryceson, D. F., Agergaard, J., Fold, N., Tacoli, C. (2009). The World Development Report 2009 reshapes economic geography geographic reflections. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 34(2), 128136. doi10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00340.xFACULTY OF GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE