Emma is described as being “handsome, clever and rich” in the first sentence of the novel but her character could be perceived in many ways

Emma is described as being â€Å"handsome, clever and rich† in the first sentence of the novel but her character could be perceived in many ways. Emma could be seen as being very kind, perfect, and acting like a lady of her time but she could also be viewed as a quite self-obsessed, stuck-up person who clings to social stAtus when it suits her, For example: She makes Harriet reject Mr Martin because Emma thinks she should aim for someone higher but is then upset when she likes Mr Knightley later on in the novel. I agree with the latter point of view because throughout the novel she never seems to see past herself and isn't concerned with other people's point of views. In the first chapter it says â€Å"The real evils of Emma's situation were the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition to think a little too well of herself. Which is true because she thinks her opinion is the only one that matters. Although, as this is a â€Å"coming-of-age† novel she does change throughout the course of the story and becomes a nicer person. Emma may not have been so likeable in Jane Austen's time because society was so different. Women were supposed to marry for money & status and were expected to obey the men. Emma is portrayed as being too independent for that time and more like women of today. Although she lives with her father he is dependent on her and she rules the household. The only voice of reason she hears is that of Mr Knightly. Now, women are independent and can choose who they want to marry as they are seen as social equals which they weren't at that time. Jane Austen could have seen herself as being like Emma, and, while she may have been a dislikeable character in those times she might also have been a character women looked up to because she was so independent. In the story, society would expect a lot of Emma. She would have to be charitable and kind. Women of her status were supposed to make a match with someone of similar social standing as marriage was a business. Emma's personality as well as her faults are shown through her relationships with other characters in the novel. Mrs Elton brings out her bad side and in some ways represents all the things that are bad about Emma. Jane Fairfax represents some of Emma's good traits and the things that Emma would like to be. Emma is quite jealous of her and recognises her talents when she says â€Å"She certainly is handsome, she is better than handsome!† Emma's good side is also revealed when she is with her father because she seems to care for him more than anything else, which is shown when Mr Knightley proposes to her and all she can think about is what'll happen to her dad if she moves. Emma tries hard to find Harriet a match that she would approve of. When Emma is with Harriet she is selfish and manipulative which the reader can see when, in chapter 40, she gives Harriet advice whilst saying that she wont interfere knowing that Harriet will be guided by Emma's opinions. This is probably due to the fact that Emma has so much time on her hands because she has so much money she doesn't have to work. Jane Austen chose to write as an omniscient narrator which means the reader gets to see Emma honestly but the story is still very much through Emma's point of view as you don't get to read the other characters' points of view. i.e. when Emma insults Miss Bates on Box Hill none of the other characters are seen to comment and only Emma's point of view is given. Some of the characters are too farcical and could be compared to fairytale characters in some ways for example: Mr Knightley is like a virtuous prince charming that always does the right thing and Jane Fairfax is like a perfect little princess. Jane Austen chooses a traditional happy ending for the novel because people would expect to have one at the time she was writing it but, today people want something different and it is up to the author how to end the novel. Overall, she begins the novel very stuck-up and snobbish believing that she is more important than everybody else but as she approaches her twenty1st birthday and the age at which she has to take responsibility for herself she begins to change.

Parkinson Disease Essay

N.J. is a 70-year-old man with a 4-year history of Parkinson’s disease (PD). He is a retired engineer, is married, and lives with his wife in a small farming community. He has three adult children who live close by. Since his last visit to the clinic 6 months ago, N.J. reports that his tremors are â€Å"about the same† as they were; however, further questioning reveals that he feels his gait is perhaps a little more unsteady, and his fatigue is slightly more noticeable. N.J. is also concerned about increased drooling. Among the medications N.J. takes are carbidopa-levodopa 25/100 mg (Sinemet), one tablet an hour before breakfast and one tablet 2 hours after lunch; carbidopa-levodopa 50/200 mg (Sinemet CR), one tablet at bedtime; and amantadine (Symmetrel) 100 mg at breakfast and bedtime. On the previous visit, he was encouraged to try taking the carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) more times throughout the day, but he reports that he became very somnolent with that dosing regi men. He also reports that his dyskinetic movements appear to be worse just after taking his carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet). 1.What is parkinsonism? (7points) Parkinsonism is a neurological syndrome characterized by tremor, hypokinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Parkinsonism is a symptom complex that differs from Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism is any condition that causes a combination of the movement abnormalities seen in Parkinson’s disease; such as tremor, slow movement, impaired speech or muscle stiffness. Especially seen in results from the loss of dopamine-containing nerve cells. 2.What is Parkinson’s Disease? Parkinson disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the basal ganglia that results in an eventual loss of coordination and control of involuntary motor movement. 3.What clinical manifestations did N.J. mention he had? List at least 4. (10 points or 2.5 points per answer) N.J. mentioned his gate is becoming more unsteady, his fatigue is slightly more noticeable, his drooling has increased, and his tremors are the same as the last visit. 4.What are the clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s Disease? List at least 7 symptoms (10 points or 1.42 per answer) †¢Tremor †¢Rigidity †¢Bradykinesia †¢Loss of dexterity and power in affected limbs. †¢Aching †¢Drooling †¢Lack of facial expression †¢Rhythmic head nodding †¢Reduced blinking †¢Slumped posture †¢Gait disturbance 5.N.J.’s wife asks you, â€Å"How do the doctors know N.J. has Parkinson’s disease? They never did a lot of tests on him.† How is the diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease made? (5 points) Parkinson disease is diagnosed from the physical examination and health history results. In some cases a MRI may be done to narrow down other causes of the symptoms. 6.N.J.’s wife comments, â€Å"I don’t even know which one of his medicines he takes for his Parkinson’s.† What medications are used for Parkinson’s Disease? †¢Pramipexole ( Mirapex) †¢Ropinirole (Requip) †¢L-dopa (L-dihydroxyphenylalanine) †¢Carbidopa/Levadopa (Sinemet) †¢Carbidopa/levadopa/entaca[pme (Stalevo) †¢Amantadine (Symmetrel) †¢Trihexyphendiyl (Artane) †¢Benztropine (Cogentin) 7. N.J. asks, â€Å"If I don’t have enough dopamine, then why don’t they give me a dopamine pill?† Why can’t oral dopamine be given as replacement therapy? (5 points) Dopamine can’t be given directly because it can’t cross the blood-brain barrier, a lining that insulates the brain from the rest of the  body. 8. Levodopa is always given in combination with carbidopa. Why? When two drugs are used in combination, therapeutic levels may be achieved with lower doses.

Challenging Behavior. Causes and Approaches to Dealing with Essay

Challenging Behavior. Causes and Approaches to Dealing with Challenging Behavior - Essay Example There have been claims that challenging behavior is responsible for exposing the tough in an advanced group level which have the effects of resulting into maturity or segregation from the learning category (Similarly, Simmons & Ward 1998).There were also establishments that there are some behaviors that can never be classified easily by the educators such as distractions, chatting as well as the non verbal maltreatments. Nonetheless, there is a different suggestion from Oliver (2003) that, the categorization of behavior appears as challenging throughout diverse schools. According to this scholar, the challenging behavior is developed socially. There is need for evaluating the matter of challenging behavior amongst individuals since it has attracted different theories and approaches from scholars. Therefore, this piece will look at the dissimilar theories that expound on behavior. Specifically, the piece will attain its baseline points of arguments the works by Bandura, Skinner, Vygot sky, and Watson. The piece will evaluate the Cognitive Behaviorist theory and Social Learning Theory. It is also significant to show how each theory takes care of the needs of the child and this paper will respond to that concern. Reasoning from the behaviorist context, there is a realization that behavior could be learned or modified (Skinner 1904-90), the writer affirms this stipulation through the work entitled, ‘Operant Conditioning’. The scholar proceeded into highlighting that children operate on the environment through engagement in particular identifiable activities due to the results of such behaviors. Skinner outlines that any stimulus leading to the repeat of a particular behavior emphasizes that particular behavior. The response would vary from return, reward, attentiveness as well as social assistance. The situation instance to elaborate this suggestion would follow for instance, if a particular child, let us name him Tim confesses to another that he gets pleasure playing with the other named Carol of late. If Tim invites his playmate for dinner in addition, this would invoke the application of the Skinner’s suggestions. It can be proposed that support in the construction of th e scenario would be a smile in spite of the situation, a word of praise for an outstanding behavior. Skinner upheld that particular rewards for such behavior reoccurrence on a different instance or instances. Even though support contributes to the increment in frequency of the behavior, it does it in a dissimilar manner. This situation may arise in the instance when we prefaer promoting a behavior in the child contrary to demanding the behavior in that person. In case something is happening and the child request the parent to stop it in a polite manner and it is done, then the alternate behavior is reinforced. For instance, the child requests for changing of a video clip. If the parent execute the child’s desire then the parent is strengthening the aimed behavior, that of requesting in a polite way. It can be argued that both positive and unhelpful support, when used appropriately can enhance the frequency of the ideal behavior. Major values of conventional habituation were c ontoured by the work of Ivan Pavlov (1819 -1936) where an unbiased stimulus brings about a response if put together with a stimulus that already has that response. Rewarding a student for positive a behavior exhibited enhances that behavior. For instance, if a teacher

History of Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of Christianity - Essay Example But this was not for long. Unlike other groups or so-called messiah, Jesus was believed to rise from the dead. Before Jesus was born, teachings were already taught about a Messiah coming to the world and will save mankind from the wages of sin. They were expecting a savior from a well-off family, a son of a king or anyone that would be having a great power or authority. Ironically, Jesus came from a family of carpenters. He was born at the time everybody was sleeping, unnoticed. When Jesus grew up, his nature was to reveal God's plan, he was always with Pharisees and teachers. Jews then were separated. One part became followers and one part became haters. Those who believed Jesus' teachings followed him though they have different reasons. Some followed him just because they can get something out of Jesus, that is, they were healed from their sicknesses, Jesus taught and was able to change tax collectors from being greedy to open handed ( in which common people greatly benefit from it ) and others followed him because of their faith and belief that Jesus was truly the Messiah. The haters incl ude majority of the Pharisees. Pharisees were of great authority at that time. Anything they say were followed without questions. People greatly looked after them. When Jesus came, their followers decreased and they became afraid that a time would come that people would no longer hear them. Hence, they plotted plans to destroy the trust and attention that the people were giving to Jesus and his teachings. It became not that hard for them to get rid of Jesus since Jesus was claiming that he was the Messiah. They accused Jesus of being disrespectful and committing blasphemy until they were able to put Him on a stood. Jesus' death became very frustrating in the part of Jesus disciples and his followers. But beyond their knowledge, this was God's original plan. Jesus was raised from the dead after three days. He showed himself to his disciples and left very important instructions. It became a proof that what Jesus was teaching and claiming as being God himself is true. Further, the resurrection of Jesus became the ultimate distinction from other doctrines which were funded by various leaders who call themselves savior or messiah. Aside from Jesus, there were no other people who claim the same as what Jesus does. After their death, they were no more. They left no history and no future as well. Through time, the success of Christianity became established. The re-bonding of the disciples after Jesus' resurrection, their faithfulness, commitment and love to the mission that Jesus left were the utmost reason of the religion's success. Moreover, at one point in the Greek history, it was said that Christianity had no alternative but to become a religion immersed in Greek culture and language. Jews were hoping for a Messiah who would come to build a new Jerusalem, but their hopes were dashed under emperors Titus and Hadran Romans encouraged gentiles to settle in Judea after the Jews revolted. The destruction of Jerusalem also strengthened the followers of Christianity who did not believe that a new kingdom would be built on earth but in a heavenly body. Christianity played an important role in the development and functioning of the Roman Empire. Largely, Christianity became the universal religion. Christianity started as a denomination of Judaism based on the

To what extent have the Millennium Development Goals been a success Essay

To what extent have the Millennium Development Goals been a success - Essay Example Goal 1: Extreme poverty and hunger should be eradicated. The goal will be achieved by reducing the number of people earning less than $1 per day to one half by 2015. It also emphasizes on reduction of the number of people suffering from poverty to one half by the same date. Goal 2: Every child on earth, male or female, should be able to primary education by 2015. Goal 3: To eradicate gender disparity, it will be ensured that men and women have equal access to education facilities at all levels. Goal 4: Mortality rate of children under five should be reduced by two third of the present value. Goal 5: Proper medical care should be provided to women to ensure three quarters reduction in maternal mortality rate by 2015. Reproductive health care should be made universally available. Goal 6: Spread of Malaria and HIV/AIDS should be reversed by 2015. Goal 7: Programs should be initiated for sustainable development without the adverse effects on environment. Safe drinking water should be mad e available to more people with the water deficient population reduced to one half by 2015. Goal 8: A partnership should be developed between rich and poor countries to achieve the MDGs. It defines the mechanism of how the poorer countries will be able to achieve these goals with the financial and technical support of developed countries. The content of these goals is derived from the United Nations Development Conferences held after the inception of United Nations Development Program in 1965. Millennium Development Goals – Successes and Short Comings: The overall progress towards the MDGs is very different in different countries and regions around the globe. Most of the developing countries have limited their focus towards the first goal with a very limited or no focus towards environmental and health aspirations of MDGs. It is observed by different analysts that so far the targets set by MDGs are not met on an international scale. However, success of individual countries or regions can be observed which shall be discussed in the following lines with reference to each of the eight goals. 1. The first goal has been the primary focus of most of the governments in developing countries for reasons both political and financial. China and Vietnam for example have reduced their population earning less than $1 per day from more than 35% to less than 14% of the total population. Considerable progress on the goal has been made in South Asian countries particularly India where ration of population living below poverty line has been reduced from 37.5% to 26.1%. Very little progress was however observed in the countries of Latin America and Middle East. For most of the European countries goal 1 was not a challenge as the average income of their population was well above $1 per day. 2. As in the case of first goal discussed above, the progress towards the ‘education for all’ target of UN was different for different countries. UN task forces note that un der developed countries such as Bolivia and Cameron have allocated greater proportions of annual budget to the development in health and education sector. For the most European and Central Asian countries, it is anticipated that they will be able to achieve the targets set in goal 2 by 2015. However, serious setbacks have been faced in many of the African countries such as Mozambique and Tanzania where primary school enrollment has decreased over the past few years. 3. Since the announcement of Millennium Declaration, women

Read the attached article and answer the questions Essay

Read the attached article and answer the questions - Essay Example It can be seen that the Gini coefficient of some countries is close to 0.0 while others are more than 0.5. This is because of differences in the income inequality. Countries like South Africa have a high rate of inequality which brings the Gini coefficient to 0.6 while Scandinavian countries like Sweden maintains the Gini coefficient for disposable income at 0.25. Beddoes goes further to show that the economic differences of the countries around the globe are increasing; for example in America, Gini for disposable income has shot up by 30 percent as from 1980. In China, the Gini coefficient it has gone up to 0.42, which shows an increase of nearly 50 percent. Sweden is no exception, since the Gini coefficient for disposable income increased to 0.24. Because of the differences of the economies of the countries, others being poor and others rich, the economic inequality has risen as from the 19th century to the 20th century. The first cause of income inequality is because the countries which were rich economically started intensifying as from the 19th to the 20th century than the poor nations (Beddoes 4). This can be supported further by the sprout of the industries which brought in rural to urban migration. Another cause is the treatment of people in the middle and bottom of the income distribution as compared to those one at the top. The ones at the top were bailed out when they fail to pay their debt while those in the middle and bottom would lose their assets. Furthermore, the tax levied on people of different level causes big inequalities; it is evident that the rich and the poor are taxed at the same rates. In European countries, the income inequality rose because of the industrial revolution, which can be explained by the fact that mill workers’ incomes were high as compared to rural workers (Beddoes 9). On comparing this to America, it is seen that the income difference widened mainly because of education that caused the higher income class to rise higher than the lower income classes. The education factor also has a racial factor, where minorities received lower education levels than majority racial identities. The same education factor is also seen in many other countries like Asian countries. Other factors in the American system include taxes that favored higher income individuals over low income individuals. According to the Beddoes (23), there are three main strategies that would be used to reduce inequality in both developed and developing economies. One of the first reforms needed is to curb cryonism and enhance competition in emerging markets. This can be done by reducing the powers that monopolies have and spreading competition among all markets. Having a freer economy, which can be achieved by freeing monopolistic markets, would go a long way in reducing inequality. This can also be done in advanced countries by removing subsidies from big corporations, which would serve to balance up the economy. The second strateg y proposed by the (Beddoes 23) is to have targeted and progressive social spending, especially in countries with emerging economies. Beddoes suggests that a shift in social spending factors in all economies would reduce inequality. For example, one of the best models is the Latin American one, where countries are encouraged to spend more in education and investment opportunities in talented individuals. The last

Critically discuss the extend to which formal strategic may be Essay

Critically discuss the extend to which formal strategic may be considered to be the key to effective business process management in hospitality SME'S - Essay Example According to Tangen (2004) , this suggests poor organisational configuration, which is detrimental to sustained competitive advantage. Configuration is defined as â€Å"making choices about what a company will do and how it will do it, and†¦ensuring that the things a company does reinforce each other†. They argue that the lack of a focused competitive strategy is one of the key causes of poor organisational configuration. However, the problem of organisational configuration is not just restricted to understanding markets, with poor configuration being found in a number of key areas, including hospitality SMEs’ relationships with their customers, which are fraught with uncertainty. There is an acknowledged advantage in that small firms are closer to the customer, enabling more personal relationships to develop (Crook , 2003). However, this is tempered by the danger that having a limited customer base (Gray, 2005) facilitates the development of deferential supplier–customer relationships. Research by Harrison (2003) concludes that, apart from those firms which operate only in very low profit or niche markets, hospitality SMEs are consistently found to be subservient to their larger counterparts. This view is supported by Wong (2005) who suggest that hospitality SMEs have a lack of control over their futures because of demands made by stronger customers throughout the supply chain. An addi tional burden is a lack of power to leverage payment of debts from these customers, as noted by (Okumus, 2003), who point out that many smaller firms are â€Å"afraid to press customers too hard for payment for fear of loss of future business†. It is this scenario which most severely affects hospitality SMEs as their limited resources cannot cope with the fluctuations in cash flow that late payment inevitably brings. The overall effect of the fiercely competitive environment in which hospitality SMEs operate is that, very often, strategic planning becomes a seemingly